The old electric car debate.
There's macro-issues and micro issues at play here.
Macro:
In a typical large power plant a simple steam cycle is 33% efficient at generating electricity (nuclear and coal). In a smaller natural gas plant it can get to around 60% efficient generating electricity. There are transmission losses too, but I'm disregarding that here.
An electric car should be around 85% efficient including transmission. Total efficiency using coal derived electricity = .33*.85= 28%
Average efficiency of an auto engine is around 20%, but figure 15% for drive train and other losses. So you could make an argument that even using coal the electric auto is almost 2x as overall efficient. Especially when considering regenerative braking (not considered here)
obviously, if you use a really efficient diesel and drive it slowly you can do better... if you have an old lincoln you do worse.
Other issues including dependence on foreign oil and such, if we used nuclear, domestic coal, wind and solar power we would be better off using electric cars and saving oil for industrial processes and aviation.
- micro issues... how much is it going to cost? when do you get your return?
average car = 30 mpg, gas = 3.00 #/gallon, cost/mile = .10/mile. 20,000 miles per year = $2,000
electric car = (tesla)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_car gets about 3.6 miles/kwh. at $.12/kwh that's about 3.3 $/mile, or about $660 per year.
it appears at first glance that If you drive a car 10 years, and the electric car costs $13,000 more you just broke even, but there's more....
Other issues (wear and tear) and battery replacement are interesting too. Figure you need a $5,000 engine every 150,000 miles or $.03/mile. Batteries are estimated at $.11/mile + replacement. Other parts are basically equal. Add that to the "fuel" and you aren't breaking even at all.
thus, quick math indicates an electric car has to be the same price as an equally performing gasoline car to be cost effective.
would you buy an electric car (with all the limitations) for the same total cost as a gasoline car? I wouldn't.
If a car the same size/weight of a Tesla had a 3-cylinder turbo-diesel it would blow the Tesla away in both overall efficiency and operating costs.