They are basically a reduction gear system. This is how large fasteners are torqued to the required amount. Once a threaded fastener exceeds 3/4" or 19mm, hand wrenching is simply not a good solution. Impact tools do not have enough precision and for many applications, they cannot produce enough torque. In the world of big machines, torque multipliers are very, very common.
Another common method to tensioning big threaded fasteners, the hydraulic tensioner:
[ame="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ef9CXDhzH-U"]How Bolt Tensioners Work - Tentec - YouTube[/ame]
This is also a good illustration of how bolted joints works.
So this eliminates the problem of guessing at actual bolt stretch vs. friction on the nut which is more or less what a normal torque wrench involves. Does the tension created when the appliance is removed from the nut leave the nut and bolt threads in interference enough to prevent loosening. It seems like it would.
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